Nginx配置经验总结

问题背景

遇到的问题

  • Nginx服务无法启动
  • 端口80绑定失败
  • OpenResty与Nginx服务冲突

解决方案步骤

1. 识别服务冲突

ps aux | grep 'nginx: master process'

发现系统中同时运行着OpenResty和Nginx两个服务

2. 停止冲突服务

sudo systemctl stop openresty
sudo systemctl disable openresty

3. 强制清理进程

sudo pkill -f nginx
sudo pkill -f openresty

4. 释放端口占用

sudo fuser -k 80/tcp

5. 重新启动服务

sudo systemctl start nginx

Nginx配置文件示例

# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    multi_accept on;
}

http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    server_tokens off;

    gzip on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml text/javascript;

    upstream flask_backend {
        server 127.0.0.1:7861;
    }

    upstream music_service {
        server 127.0.0.1:10002;
    }

    upstream health_check {
        server 127.0.0.1:7860;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;

        # 静态导航页 - 指定路径为/tmp/navpage
        location / {
            root /tmp/navpage;
            index index.html index.htm;
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        }

        location = /favicon.ico {
            log_not_found off;
            access_log off;
            empty_gif;
        }

        location ~ ^/graphql {
            return 404;
        }

        location = /swagger-ui.html {
            return 404;
        }

        location /api/ {
            proxy_pass http://flask_backend/;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        location /music/ {
            proxy_pass http://music_service/;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        location /jk/ {
            proxy_pass http://health_check/;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    }
}

常用管理命令

服务管理

sudo systemctl status nginx

启动服务

sudo nginx -t